Subheading 120510 covers seeds of varieties bred to contain less than 2% erucic acid in the oil — the standard that defines 'canola' in North American food regulations. Seeds from traditional high-erucic-acid varieties, used in industrial lubricants and specialty chemicals, fall under 120590. Erucic acid content documentation from the exporter is the key supporting record.

Most commercially traded canola seed is genetically modified, and USDA APHIS regulates the importation of GM plant material. Seed-grade imports require APHIS permits and phytosanitary certification. Crush-grade canola imported for oil extraction is generally not subject to the same permit requirements, but importers should confirm current APHIS guidance and consult a licensed customs broker.