Oils extracted from bituminous minerals such as oil sands, provided they are in crude (unrefined) form, fall within heading 2709 alongside conventional crude petroleum. The key criterion is that the oil has not been subjected to refining processes that would move it to heading 2710. Diluted bitumen (dilbit) may require additional analysis to confirm it meets the crude classification threshold.

Importers generally need a bill of lading, commercial invoice, and certificate of origin. For crude petroleum, a certificate of quality (API gravity, sulfur content, and basic sediment and water) is standard commercial practice and may be required by the refinery buyer. Certain origins may also require export licenses or compliance with sanctions programs administered by OFAC.