Requirements differ significantly. In-shell tree nuts may face pest-risk conditions related to insects or mold, while shelled and processed nuts are generally lower risk for phytosanitary purposes but may be subject to FDA aflatoxin sampling. Importers should verify commodity-specific APHIS and FDA requirements before shipment.

The US is a leading global exporter of almonds, walnuts, and pistachios, so domestic supply is robust for those commodities. Import activity in this NAICS segment is therefore more concentrated in tropical and subtropical fruits, specialty nuts not widely grown domestically, and off-season fresh fruit volumes. Buyers should assess domestic crop forecasts when planning import volumes to avoid oversupply.