USDA APHIS conducts pest-risk assessments on a commodity-and-origin basis. A fruit species may carry a regulated pest in one exporting country but not another, leading to origin-specific restrictions, required treatments (such as cold treatment or irradiation), or outright prohibition. Importers should check the APHIS Fruits and Vegetables Import Requirements (FAVIR) database for the specific commodity-origin combination before sourcing.

FDA may sample tree nut shipments for aflatoxin contamination, particularly for peanuts, pistachios, and almonds. Importers with a history of violations may be placed on detention without physical examination (DWPE), requiring independent laboratory testing before FDA will release future shipments. Maintaining supplier certificates of analysis and aflatoxin test results is a standard compliance practice.