Carnauba and similar plant-derived waxes fall under 152110 because they are non-triglyceride waxes. If a product has been chemically processed into fatty acids or esters, it may instead fall under Chapter 15 headings covering fatty-acid preparations; the key test is whether the wax structure remains intact.

No. The heading explicitly covers beeswax and insect waxes 'whether or not refined or colored,' so bleached, filtered, or dyed beeswax remains in 152190 regardless of processing level.