Citrus greening (Huanglongbing/HLB) and citrus canker are the primary phytosanitary concerns for imported fresh oranges. USDA APHIS maintains country- and region-specific conditions; shipments from affected areas may require inspection, treatment, or may be prohibited entirely depending on current pest status.

US domestic orange harvest peaks in winter and spring in Florida and fall in California, so import volumes from Southern Hemisphere origins tend to rise during the US summer off-season when domestic fresh supply is tightest. Buyers and brokers should plan logistics and phytosanitary documentation lead times around these seasonal windows.