An automatic industrial sewing machine is one that performs its sewing cycle — including feeding, stitching, and thread cutting — without continuous manual intervention, typically controlled by a programmable or electronic system. A non-automatic machine requires the operator to guide and control each step. The machine's technical specification and control system documentation are the primary evidence for this distinction.

No. The heading explicitly excludes book-sewing machines. Those machines, used in bookbinding to sew signatures together, classify under the heading for bookbinding machinery rather than under 8452.