Yes. Many commercial flower seed varieties — particularly F1 hybrids — are protected under the Plant Variety Protection Act or utility patents held by major seed companies. Importing protected varieties without authorization from the rights holder can constitute infringement regardless of whether the seed clears CBP and APHIS inspection. Importers should verify intellectual property status with the variety owner before sourcing, especially for named cultivars from the Netherlands and other major breeding centers.

USDA APHIS Plant Protection and Quarantine is responsible for phytosanitary inspection of imported flower seeds. Key risks include seed-borne pathogens such as Fusarium and Botrytis species, as well as regulated pests that may accompany seed lots. A phytosanitary certificate from the exporting country's national plant protection organization is required, and APHIS may impose additional treatment or testing requirements for certain origins or species. Admissibility is complex; consult a licensed customs broker or APHIS for current requirements.