Seeds for planting are subject to USDA APHIS import permits, phytosanitary certificates, and noxious weed screening because they pose a potential pathway for introducing plant pests or invasive species. Seeds intended for human consumption (such as edible sunflower or sesame seeds) are regulated as food commodities by FDA and do not require APHIS planting permits, though they may still require phytosanitary documentation depending on origin.

Cut flowers are among the most time-sensitive agricultural imports — delays at the port of entry for APHIS inspection can result in significant product loss. Many importers use pre-clearance programs or certified inspection facilities at origin airports to reduce border dwell time. Proper cold-chain management from harvest through customs clearance is essential to maintaining product quality and meeting retailer specifications.