NAICS 212 divides into coal and petroleum gases (2121), metal ores (2122), and nonmetallic minerals (2123). Each sub-sector maps to different HTS chapters with distinct duty rates, potential trade-remedy exposure, and in some cases strategic-material or critical-mineral designations that affect procurement strategy.

US government critical-mineral lists — maintained by the USGS and referenced in executive policy — highlight specific ores and minerals where import dependence is a strategic concern. Importers of those materials may face heightened scrutiny, potential future trade measures, or eligibility for domestic-sourcing incentives, making accurate NAICS and HTS classification essential for policy-monitoring purposes.