Chapter 84 covers most industrial and commercial machinery, while Chapter 87 covers vehicles and certain self-propelled equipment. When a machine is mounted on a wheeled chassis or is self-propelled, customs authorities may classify it under Chapter 87 rather than 84. The primary function and design of the equipment — not its NAICS code — drives the HTS determination.

Section 301 tariffs have been applied to a wide range of machinery imported from China, including construction, agricultural, and industrial equipment. Exposure varies by specific HTS line, so importers should conduct a line-by-line review against the current Section 301 product lists before sourcing decisions are finalized.