At minimum, USDA APHIS requires a negative Coggins test (equine infectious anemia) and a health certificate issued by an accredited veterinarian in the country of export. Depending on the origin country's disease status, additional testing for equine piroplasmosis, glanders, or other conditions may be required. Horses from certain regions must undergo quarantine at an APHIS-approved facility upon arrival.

Yes, significantly. APHIS distinguishes between horses imported for competition or exhibition (which may qualify for expedited or temporary-entry procedures), breeding stock, and horses destined for slaughter. Each category carries different health certification, quarantine, and documentation requirements. Importers should confirm the applicable pathway with APHIS well before the animal's scheduled arrival.