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HSChapter 85
U.S. imports of photovoltaic cells assembled in modules or panels (HS 854143) totaled $441.5M in April 2026, traded with 43 countries.
Importers of Photovoltaic Cells Assembled in Modules or Panels paid $43.1M in duties in April 2026 — an effective duty rate of 9.8% on $440.6M in dutiable value, based on actual customs collections rather than the published tariff schedule. Photovoltaic Cells Assembled in Modules or Panels imports of $441.5M in April 2026 ran 40% above the year-to-date monthly average of $316.0M.
Last updated: April 2026 dataAssembled solar modules and panels — the finished, installation-ready form of photovoltaic technology — are among the most trade-remedy-intensive product categories in US import practice, with antidumping and countervailing duty orders, Section 201 safeguard tariffs, and tariff-rate quota mechanisms all potentially applicable depending on origin and cell technology. Indonesia, Laos, India, and Vietnam are the leading US suppliers, a supply base that has shifted repeatedly in response to evolving trade-remedy scope determinations. Crystalline silicon modules (8541430010) and other technologies (8541430080) are classified separately, making cell-type documentation essential at entry.
AI-written summary of the official U.S. Census Bureau trade figures on this page — verify before relying on it.
Importers must assess potential exposure to antidumping and countervailing duty orders (historically targeting Chinese and certain Southeast Asian origin product), Section 201 safeguard tariffs with tariff-rate quota provisions, and any applicable Section 301 measures. The applicable measures depend on the cell's country of origin, the module's country of assembly, and the cell technology (crystalline silicon vs. thin-film). Given the complexity and frequency of scope changes, a pre-entry scope analysis with a trade attorney is strongly advisable.
Bifacial and monofacial panels are not distinguished at the HTS classification level — both fall under 854143 based on cell technology (crystalline silicon or other). However, bifacial panels have been the subject of specific exclusion and reinstatement actions under Section 201 safeguard proceedings, so their duty treatment has differed from monofacial panels at various points. Importers should check the current status of any bifacial exclusion before entry.
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Monthly import values over time
| Country | Imports | Exports | Balance |
|---|---|---|---|
| PHILIPPINES | $206.5M | -- | -$206.5M |
| ETHIOPIA | $71.0M | -- | -$71.0M |
| NIGERIA | $43.0M | -- | -$43.0M |
| MALAYSIA | $40.8M | -- | -$40.8M |
| VIETNAM | $17.7M | $4.0M | -$13.7M |
HS10 import codes under this HS6 parent. Source: U.S. Harmonized Tariff Schedule.
| Code | Description | Import Value | Effective Tariff % | Duty Collected |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8541430010 | SOLAR CELLS,CRYSLN SILIC PHOTV ASSMB MODS OR PANLS | $358.8M | 10.04% | $36.0M |
| 8541430080 | SOLAR CELLS, MADE INTO PANELS OR MODULES, NESOI | $82.7M | 8.70% | $7.1M |
SOLAR CELLS,CRYSLN SILIC PHOTV ASSMB MODS OR PANLS
SOLAR CELLS, MADE INTO PANELS OR MODULES, NESOI
HS10 export codes under this HS6 parent. Source: U.S. Schedule B export classification.
| Code | Description | Export Value |
|---|---|---|
| 8541430000 | SOLAR CELLS ASSEMBLED INTO MODULES OR PANELS | $9.5M |
SOLAR CELLS ASSEMBLED INTO MODULES OR PANELS
5.6K no
MACH FOR RECP/CONVR/TRANS/REGN OF VOICE/IMAGE/DATA
HS 851762
SOLID-STATE NON-VOL SEMICONDUCTOR STORAGE DEVICES
HS 852351
SMARTPHONES
HS 851713
PROCESSORS AND CONTROLLERS, ELECTRONIC INTEG CIRCT
HS 854231
CONTROLS ETC W ELECT APPR F ELECT CONT NOV 1000 V
HS 853710
STATIC CONVERTERS; ADP POWER SUPPLIES
HS 850440
| State | Imports | Exports | Balance |
|---|---|---|---|
| California | $139.5M | $4.5M | -$135.0M |
| Tennessee | $84.1M | -- | -$84.1M |
| South Carolina | $61.7M | -- | -$61.7M |
| Port | Imports | Exports | Balance |
|---|---|---|---|
| LONG BEACH, CA | $182.3M | -- | -$182.3M |
| LOS ANGELES, CA | $95.5M | $4.0M | -$91.5M |
| CHARLESTON, SC | $57.8M | -- | -$57.8M |