Cheese TRQs are administered by USDA's Agricultural Marketing Service, which allocates quota licenses to importers. Shipments within the quota volume enter at a lower duty rate; quantities above the quota face a substantially higher over-quota rate. Importers must hold a valid license and ensure their entry is charged against the correct quota category, which varies by cheese type.

Heading 0409 covers honey as produced by bees, without additives. Once honey is blended with other sweeteners or flavoring agents, it may shift to a prepared-food heading in Chapter 21. Adulteration or blending is also a significant customs fraud concern, so country-of-origin and purity documentation are closely scrutinized at entry.