Titanium in unwrought form, waste and scrap, powders, and wrought mill products (bars, rods, profiles, wire, plate, sheet, strip, tubes, and fittings) are all classified under 8108. Titanium does not have a separate chapter; all forms remain here unless the titanium article is a part specifically provided for in another chapter — for example, a titanium aircraft engine part may be classified under the machinery or aircraft chapter depending on the applicable section notes.

Cermets are composite materials combining a metallic binder phase with a ceramic phase (typically carbides, nitrides, or oxides), where neither component alone defines the material's properties. Common examples include tungsten carbide-cobalt cutting tool blanks. They are classified under 8113 when in the form of articles, waste, or scrap. If the material is a pure metal carbide powder without a metallic binder, it may instead fall under the chapter on inorganic chemicals. The presence and proportion of the metallic binder is the key classification criterion.