Copper matte is a sulfide intermediate produced at the smelting stage, before converting and fire-refining; it classifies under heading 7401. Unrefined copper — including blister copper and copper anodes destined for electrolytic refining — has been further processed and classifies under heading 7402. The stage of metallurgical processing and the sulfur content are the key distinguishing factors.

Cement copper is recovered by passing copper-bearing leach solutions over scrap iron, causing copper to precipitate chemically. Regardless of the hydrometallurgical recovery method, it classifies under heading 7401 alongside copper matte. The classification is based on the product's form and purity level, not the specific recovery technology used.