Depending on the specific equipment and its intended use, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and the Department of Energy (DOE) may have jurisdiction. Equipment capable of uranium enrichment or plutonium separation is subject to nuclear non-proliferation controls, and an import license or authorization may be required before entry. Importers should engage specialized legal counsel alongside a licensed customs broker well before shipment.

Parts specifically designed for isotope-separation equipment are classified within this heading and generally carry the same export-control and import-scrutiny profile as the complete machines. Generic components that happen to be used in such equipment but have broad commercial applications may be classified differently, making precise technical documentation critical for correct entry.