Graders are classified by their primary function of fine-grading and leveling using a centrally mounted, adjustable blade, as opposed to bulldozers (front-mounted blade for bulk pushing) or scrapers (bowl-type cutting and hauling). The blade position — between the axles rather than at the front — and the precision-grading design intent are the distinguishing features customs authorities look for. Supporting documentation such as product specifications and operator manuals can substantiate the classification.

At the HTS 10-digit level, self-propelled graders may be subdivided by horsepower or other technical criteria, and duty rates can differ across those subheadings. Importers should map the SITC code to the applicable HTS subheading for each specific machine model and confirm the current duty rate and any applicable trade-remedy surcharges with a licensed customs broker.