Locomotives brought in solely for repair, overhaul, or testing may qualify for entry under a Temporary Importation Bond (TIB) or ATA Carnet, deferring duties provided the units are re-exported within the authorized period. Importers should file the appropriate entry type and maintain documentation of the repair or testing purpose to satisfy CBP requirements.

Not necessarily. If the battery system provides meaningful traction power rather than serving purely as an auxiliary, the unit may be considered a hybrid and could fall under a different heading. The classification turns on which power source is primary; technical specifications and manufacturer documentation should be reviewed with a customs broker before entry.