Catapult launching systems, arresting gear for carrier flight decks, and ground-based flight simulators used for pilot training are grouped here alongside their component parts — a combination that reflects their shared role in aircraft operations rather than a common material or mechanism. Carrier-based launching and arresting equipment is predominantly military in application and subject to stringent export and import controls under ITAR and the Arms Export Control Act. Ground flying trainers range from basic procedural trainers to full-flight simulators certified by the FAA under its National Simulator Program, with the latter subject to detailed technical standards. Parts classification within this heading requires careful attention to whether a component is dedicated to one of these systems or is a general-purpose mechanical part.

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