A single organic surface-active agent in its pure or technical-grade form is typically classified under HTS 3402.11 or 3402.12, while a formulated mixture containing surfactants along with other ingredients (builders, solvents, fragrances) is classified as a preparation under 3402.20 or 3402.90. The distinction affects duty rates and, for Chinese-origin goods, which Section 301 list applies.

Certain novel surfactant chemistries may require a Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) certification at entry, confirming the substance is either on the TSCA Chemical Substance Inventory or subject to an applicable exemption. Importers should verify TSCA status for any surfactant not previously imported into the US, as non-compliant shipments can be refused entry by EPA.