Malting barley must meet strict specifications for protein content (typically 10–13%), germination rate (above 95%), and low levels of fusarium-damaged kernels. These parameters are verified by third-party grain inspection certificates and are contractually specified in purchase agreements. Feed barley that fails malting standards is reclassified and priced accordingly, so accurate grading certificates are essential to avoid contract disputes at delivery.

Yes. USDA APHIS requires phytosanitary certificates for all grain imports, including sorghum and millet, to certify freedom from regulated pests and diseases such as sorghum downy mildew. Sorghum shipments from certain origins may also be inspected for exotic weed seeds. Importers should confirm current APHIS import requirements for the specific grain and origin before contracting, as requirements can change based on pest risk assessments.