CBP applies the General Rules of Interpretation and relevant chapter notes: the outer surface is assessed by the material that predominates on the exterior face of the article. If leather panels and textile panels are both present, the material covering the greater area of the outer surface generally controls. For borderline cases, a binding ruling from CBP provides certainty before importation.

Section 301 measures are origin-specific and attach at the individual tariff-line level, not at the heading level. Goods of Chinese origin in certain lines of heading 4202 have been subject to these measures, while the same goods from Vietnam, Cambodia, or other countries are not. Importers should verify the current status of each specific 10-digit HTS line and the declared country of origin before entry.

Handbags are designed to be carried by hand or over the shoulder and are primarily used to carry personal effects. Containers in the 420291–420299 group are more functionally specific — camera cases, binocular cases, tool bags, and similar purpose-built carriers. An article marketed and designed as a general-purpose carry bag for personal effects is a handbag; one designed to hold and protect a specific piece of equipment is more likely a 'similar container' in the residual group.