In-Shell Pistachios, Fresh or Dried

Italy functions as a processing and re-export hub, particularly for pistachios of Iranian origin. Because the US maintains sanctions and trade restrictions on Iran, direct imports of Iranian pistachios are prohibited, but product processed or substantially transformed in Italy may enter under Italian origin. Importers must conduct thorough country-of-origin due diligence and OFAC sanctions screening to ensure compliance.

FDA has established action levels for aflatoxins in tree nuts, including pistachios. Importers are advised to obtain aflatoxin test certificates from accredited laboratories for each lot prior to shipment. FDA may sample and test shipments at the port of entry; lots exceeding action levels are subject to detention without physical examination (DWPE) and may be refused entry. A robust supplier verification program under FSMA is the best defense against repeated detentions.