Metallurgical (coking) coal is distinguished by its ability to form coke when heated in the absence of air — a property driven by volatile matter content, fluidity, and ash levels. Thermal coal is classified and priced on calorific value for power generation. The distinction matters for end-use reporting and for buyers' quality specifications, as met coal commands a separate price benchmark from steam coal.

Standard export documentation includes a Shipper's Export Declaration (EEI filing in AES), commercial invoice, bill of lading, and a certificate of origin. Many buyers also require a quality certificate from an independent inspection laboratory confirming coking parameters such as ash content, sulfur, volatile matter, and coke strength after reaction (CSR). Destination-country import requirements vary and should be confirmed with the receiving party.