Macedonia

Macedonia benefits from a Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA) with the EU, providing preferential tariff treatment for most goods and serving as a framework for eventual EU accession.

Macedonia's exports are dominated by automotive wire harnesses and components, apparel and textiles, iron and steel, and tobacco products, largely produced in free economic zones attracting foreign manufacturers.

As a landlocked country, Macedonia relies on road and rail corridors through neighboring countries—primarily Greece, Bulgaria, and Serbia—to access seaports, with Thessaloniki in Greece being the primary maritime gateway.