Nuclear-grade zirconium must have hafnium reduced to very low levels (typically below 100 ppm) because hafnium absorbs neutrons and would degrade reactor performance. Commercial-grade wrought zirconium retains its naturally occurring hafnium. The two grades differ substantially in price and end-use suitability, and buyers should request certified chemical analysis to confirm hafnium content before import.

Nuclear-grade wrought zirconium can be subject to export licensing requirements in supplier countries under their nuclear non-proliferation commitments, and US import may require coordination with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission depending on end use. Importers procuring material for reactor applications should consult a licensed customs broker and verify whether NRC or Department of Energy notifications apply to their specific transaction.