FDA regulates dietary supplement ingredients, including botanical extracts, under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act. Importers must ensure that extracts meet FDA's current Good Manufacturing Practice requirements and that any new dietary ingredient not marketed before 1994 has a submitted New Dietary Ingredient notification. DEA oversight applies separately to extracts derived from controlled-substance plant sources.

Yes — intended use is a key classification factor. A plant extract destined for pharmaceutical formulation may be classified under a chemical or pharmaceutical heading rather than here, while the same extract sold as a food flavoring or cosmetic ingredient may remain in this vegetable products category. Importers should document end-use clearly and consult a customs broker when the same material serves multiple markets.