The classification turns on the article's primary function: articles designed to conduct or regulate electrical current (electrodes, motor brushes, arc lamp carbons) fall under electrical carbon headings, while articles exploiting graphite's thermal resistance, chemical inertness, or lubricating properties — such as crucibles, seals, and bearings — are classified as nonelectrical. When an article could serve both functions, the principal use at the time of importation governs classification.

Certain graphite and carbon articles originating from China have been subject to Section 301 tariffs. The applicability depends on the specific HTS subheading covering the article. Importers should verify current Section 301 list coverage for their specific product type and HTS classification before finalizing sourcing decisions, as duty exposure can be substantial.