The Lacey Act requires importers to file a Plant and Plant Product declaration (PPQ Form 505) identifying the genus and species of the wood, the country where it was harvested, and the quantity. For mixed-species chip loads, this can be complex; importers should work with suppliers to obtain accurate species composition data and retain supporting documentation.

Hardwood species produce shorter, thinner fibers than softwoods, resulting in pulps with smoother sheet formation and better printability — properties valued in fine paper and tissue grades. Softwood long fibers, by contrast, contribute tensile strength and tear resistance. Many mills blend both to achieve target sheet properties, so chip origin and species mix directly affect pulp quality and mill economics.