Molybdenum Ores and Concentrates (Other Than Roasted)

While roasting to MoO₃ is required for steelmaking and most chemical uses, molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) in its unroasted concentrate form has direct industrial value as a solid lubricant. High-purity MoS₂ is used in lubricating greases, dry-film lubricants, and two-dimensional material research. However, concentrate-grade MoS₂ typically contains gangue minerals and requires further purification for lubricant applications, so most traded concentrate volume is destined for roasting facilities.

The critical documentation is a certificate of analysis confirming the sulfur and molybdenum content and the form of the product (sulfide vs. oxide). Roasted product will show predominantly MoO₃ with low residual sulfur, while unroasted concentrate will show high sulfur consistent with MoS₂. Importers should retain mill certificates, assay reports, and production records from the supplier, and consult a licensed customs broker when the product has undergone partial oxidation that may blur the classification boundary.