Iron Ore Agglomerates (Sinters, Pellets & Briquettes)

Direct-reduction (DR) grade pellets are produced to tighter specifications — typically higher iron content (often above 67% Fe), lower silica and alumina, and controlled sulfur — because gas-based direct reduction processes are more sensitive to gangue and impurities than blast furnaces. Blast-furnace (BF) grade pellets tolerate somewhat lower iron content and higher gangue levels. Importers supplying electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmakers using direct reduction units must confirm DR-grade certification from the pellet producer, as substituting BF-grade material can disrupt furnace operations.

Iron ore pellets are susceptible to degradation — spalling and fines generation — from thermal cycling, moisture exposure, and mechanical impact during ocean transit and port handling. Importers should specify maximum allowable fines content (typically measured as the percentage below a defined screen size) at discharge, and contracts often include a degradation allowance. Pellets with high reducibility can also be prone to low-temperature reduction disintegration if exposed to reducing atmospheres during storage, which is a quality concern for steelmakers.