US cheese TRQs are a mix of global and country-specific allocations. Some quotas are reserved for particular countries under bilateral or multilateral trade agreements, while others are available on a first-come, first-served global basis. Importers must identify the correct TRQ category for the specific cheese variety and origin before filing entry, as misidentification can result in the over-quota rate applying unexpectedly.

Foreign cheese manufacturers must be registered with FDA under FSMA and must be listed on FDA's approved dairy import establishment list, which is maintained in coordination with the exporting country's competent authority. The facility's production practices must be certified as equivalent to US pasteurization or heat-treatment standards. Importers should confirm current approval status directly with FDA's database before placing orders, as approvals can be suspended following adverse inspections.