Wadding under heading 5601 is a loose, lofty mass of fibers used primarily for stuffing, padding, or filtration, while nonwovens under heading 5603 are bonded into a coherent sheet or web structure. If the material has been bonded by mechanical, chemical, or thermal means into a fabric-like sheet, it likely falls under 5603 rather than 5601.

Subheading 560130 covers flock (fibers cut or ground to 5 mm or less), textile dust, and mill neps — the fine residual byproducts of spinning and carding operations. These are distinct from wadding, which consists of assembled fiber layers. Flock is commonly used for surface texturing and flocking applications rather than padding.