Molds under 8480 shape material by containing it — the material fills or is pressed into the mold cavity. Dies and tools for machine tools (such as cutting inserts or press dies) work by cutting, stamping, or deforming material through contact rather than containment. The physical operating principle and the heading text of the relevant machine-tool chapter are the primary guides; a binding ruling is advisable for borderline tooling.

Yes — molds for glass are captured under 848050 and molds for mineral materials under 848060, while molds for rubber or plastics are split between injection/compression types (848071) and other types (848079). Each subheading has its own tariff treatment, so the material being molded and the molding method both affect classification.