Heading 846510 covers machines that perform different operations in sequence without any tool change between those operations — the defining criterion is the absence of a tool-change step, not the number of spindles or axes. Machining centers classified under 846520, by contrast, are specifically described as such in the tariff schedule and typically feature automatic tool changers or tool magazines. If a machine changes tools automatically between operations, it is more likely a machining center under 846520.

Yes. The 10-digit HTS lines under 846510 explicitly separate used or rebuilt machines (e.g., 8465100005 for used/rebuilt tenoners, 8465100015 for other used/rebuilt woodworking machines) from new equipment. Importers must accurately declare condition at entry; misclassifying a rebuilt machine as new — or vice versa — can result in liquidation adjustments or penalties.