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HSChapter 28
U.S. imports of heavy water (deuterium oxide) (HS 284510) totaled $4.2M in April 2026, traded with 7 countries.
Importers of Heavy Water (Deuterium Oxide) paid $23K in duties in April 2026 — an effective duty rate of 10% on $231K in dutiable value, based on actual customs collections rather than the published tariff schedule.
Last updated: April 2026 dataDeuterium oxide — commercially known as heavy water — is a critical moderator and coolant in CANDU-type nuclear reactors and a controlled substance under nuclear nonproliferation frameworks, making its import subject to NRC licensing and export control scrutiny in both origin and destination countries. Classified under a single 10-digit line (2845100000), it is distinct from deuterium gas and other deuterium-enriched compounds. Canada has historically been the dominant global producer and the leading US supplier, a position rooted in its CANDU reactor program and dedicated heavy water production facilities.
AI-written summary of the official U.S. Census Bureau trade figures on this page — verify before relying on it.
Heavy water can moderate nuclear reactors in ways that enable plutonium production, making it a dual-use material monitored under the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) guidelines and subject to NRC import licensing. Importers must demonstrate end-use legitimacy, and re-export is separately controlled.
HTS 2845100000 covers only deuterium oxide (D₂O) in its water form. Deuterium gas, deuterium-enriched compounds, and other isotopically modified substances fall under different lines within heading 2845. The physical form and isotopic concentration documented in the supplier's certificate of analysis are key to correct classification.
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Monthly import values over time
| Country | Imports | Exports | Balance |
|---|---|---|---|
| INDIA | $4.0M | $3K | -$4.0M |
| GERMANY | $168K | $33K | -$136K |
| UNITED KINGDOM | $19K | $134K | +$116K |
| ITALY | -- | $141K | +$141K |
| CANADA | $41K | $86K | +$45K |
HS10 import codes under this HS6 parent. Source: U.S. Harmonized Tariff Schedule.
| Code | Description | Import Value | Effective Tariff % | Duty Collected |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2845100000 | HEAVY WATER (DEUTERIUM OXIDE) | $4.2M | 10.00% | $23K |
HEAVY WATER (DEUTERIUM OXIDE)
HS10 export codes under this HS6 parent. Source: U.S. Schedule B export classification.
| Code | Description | Export Value |
|---|---|---|
| 2845100000 | HEAVY WATER (DEUTERIUM OXIDE) | $559K |
HEAVY WATER (DEUTERIUM OXIDE)
11.2K kg
URANIUM ENRICHED IN U235 ETC. PLUTONIUM ETC.
HS 284420
NATURAL URANIUM & COMPOUNDS, ALLOYS & CERAMICS ETC
HS 284410
ANHYDROUS AMMONIA
HS 281410
ALLOYS, DISPERSIONS,ISOTOPES & COMPOUNDS NES
HS 284443
SILICON, UNDER 99.99% (BY WEIGHT) SILICON
HS 280469
PHOSPHORIC ACID AND POLYPHOSPHORIC ACIDS
HS 280920
| State | Imports | Exports | Balance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Massachusetts | $3.0M | $42K | -$2.9M |
| Texas | $1.0M | -- | -$1.0M |
| Ohio | $65K | $160K | +$94K |
| Port | Imports | Exports | Balance |
|---|---|---|---|
| CHICAGO, IL | $3.0M | $217K | -$2.7M |
| DALLAS-FORT WORTH, TX | $1.0M | $65K | -$941K |
| CLEVELAND, OH | $2K | $122K | +$120K |