Standard chamois leather is produced entirely by oil-tanning (traditionally from the flesh split of sheep or lamb). Combination chamois uses a mixed process — part oil-tanning and part another tanning method — but still achieves the characteristic soft, absorbent properties. Both are classified under 411410; the 'combination' qualifier in the heading text ensures that hybrid-process chamois is not diverted to the species-specific finished-leather headings.

Once patent leather is incorporated into a finished article such as a shoe upper or handbag, the article is classified by its own heading (footwear, travel goods, etc.), not by the leather heading. Heading 4114 applies only to the patent leather material itself as traded in bulk or cut form, before it is assembled into a finished article.